What Are Depressants?

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Depressants are substances that slow activity in the central nervous system (CNS), reducing brain function, alertness, and physical coordination. Often referred to as sedatives, downers, or hypnotics, depressants work by increasing levels of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that decreases brain activity. While depressants can have legitimate medical uses, they carry a high risk of dependence and addiction—especially when misused or stopped abruptly.​​​

Common Types of Depressants​

Major categories of depressants include:

• Alcohol

• Benzodiazepines (such as Xanax, Valium, Ativan)

• Barbiturates

• Non-benzodiazepine sleep medications (such as Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata)

Each affects the brain differently, but all slow the nervous system and can impair judgment, coordination, and breathing.​​​

Risks and Side

Effects of

Depressant

Abuse​

Common side effects of depressants include:

• Drowsiness and confusion

• Slurred speech and poor coordination

• Slowed reaction times

• Reduced mental alertness

• Lowered inhibitions

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